Qt: Now LGPL

Nokia today announced that its Qt cross-platform user interface (UI) and application framework for desktop and embedded platforms will be available under the open source LGPL version 2.1 license from the release of Qt 4.5.

I’ve been waiting for such a decision by Nokia and yet it really came as a surprise. Making Qt free even for closed software will hugely increase their popularity. It will also allow me to develop some crossplatform freeware utilities. I’m still working at the kernel of the CFF Explorer in my free time, but once the kernel is finished it can be used to develop some nice stuff apart from the CFF Explorer itself.

This confirms what I wrote in the article about Qt internals and reversing. This framework will be used more and more in the future.

Kudos to the best framework of all time.

Dynamic C++

As anticipated, I just finished my Dynamic C++ proposal. I’d like to thank my friend Quake2 for his support during the last month.

I wrote this document because I needed to express myself about this subject. Despite the fact that C++ is one of the most used programming languages, especially for serious projects, it gets much criticism for being messy, bloated, complicate etc. I believe these critics miss the point. Yes, C++ is a very powerful programming language and that’s why it is difficult. And this is also why sometimes C++ source codes are poorly written. I don’t believe in improvements of C++ resulting in a new programming language. All attempts in that direction have failed. I think that C++ is here to stay for many reasons. Not only because of the amount of code already available in C++, but also because at the moment there isn’t a better programming language for large projects. The only thing I want is for C++ to evolve, but not by losing compatibility with older code or by removing some features. No, I’d like C++ to evolve in a healthy and compatible way. This paper contains the suggestions to achieve this and I will demonstrate technically how it can be implemented at low level.

Everybody should be warned that the material contained in this paper is purely theoretical. The first idea behind this paper came out while working on a particular project. At the time I discovered myself in need of particular dynamic features. So, for many months I had some ideas in the background of my mind and decided eventually to write them down. So, in this paper I’m going to talk about the current status of dynamism for C++, why dynamism is important and what could be done. At the time of writing (November 2008) the new C++0x (or C++09) standard has not yet been introduced. However, I will talk about it throughout this paper when the related topic is affected by it.

Phoenix Protector 1.6 & Strong Name Signing

Due to the high request, I took 20 minutes of my time and updated the Phoenix Protector, bringing it to the version 1.6. The only addition to this version is the possibility to re-sign assemblies obfuscated by the Phoenix Protector.

The reason why this wasn’t possible in past version of the Phoenix Protector is that the space for the signature was removed from the assembly and the “sn.exe” tool provided by Microsoft isn’t able to re-create that space.

Now, it is possible to tell the Phoenix Protector from the options whether to remove or not the Strong Name Signature when obfuscating an assembly:

By default the Strong Name Signature is not removed.

After obfuscating anassembly, just use to re-sign the “sn.exe” tool this way:

sn.exe -R assembly.exe your_sns.pfx

Qt Internals & Reversing

Today I took a break from the larger article I’m currently writing. To relax, I wrote a smaller article about the Qt framework. I hope you enjoy.

Qt Internals & Reversing

Half of the text of this article comes from my larger paper “Dynamic C++ Proposal”. I decided that it was useful to take the part about Qt internals, put it into another article and extend it by adding a reversing part. Because of its nature, this is not the usual kind of article I write. In fact, I wrote the reversing part in less than a day. So, this is a very easy one. However, I think it is useful for people who need to reverse a Qt application and certainly wouldn’t consider reading my other paper about Dynamic C++, which doesn’t sound like a paper about Qt and, in fact, isn’t a paper about Qt: the paragraph about Qt is only one among many others. Moreover, I haven’t seen serious articles about this subject.

The first thing which needs to be considered when reversing Qt applications is what Qt brought to the C++ language. Events (inside the Qt framework) are just virtual functions, so nothing new there. This is not a C++ reversing guide. What is new in Qt are signals and slots, which rely on the dynamism of the Qt framework.

So, first thing I’m going to show how this dynamism works. The second part focus on reversing and, at that point, I will show how to obtain all the metadata one needs when disassembling a “Q_OBJECT” class.

Small Devices & RCE

I wanted to comment and add some thoughts about the IDA-on-IPhone news I read on woodmann.

Good news for real iPhone fans: we ported IDA to iPhone! It can handle any application and provides the same analysis as on other platforms. It is funny to see IDA on a such small device:

http://hexblog.com/2008/07/ida_on_iphone.html

Ilfak Guilfanov

It’s funny, because in theory the new CFF Explorer will be compilable for mac os (being written in Qt), thus also IPhone. The only problem is the small display of such devices and I’m not sure if there’s a possibility to reduce the needed space, but I’m quite optimistic.

I mention this because the new CFF Explorer will support elf and other formats (lib, object, symbian etc), making it useful also for other systems and it might become part of a new generation of cross platform/device tools. It would be encouraging to know that in the future it will be possible to do reversing stuff on such a small device. The new CFF will also have zoom in/out features for the hex editor, making it very useful on devices with a small (or big) display.

I hope that other programmers will follow the same lead.

The main problem is writing cross platform applications and reorganizing GUIs for small displays.

I want to share something I read on wikipedia some time ago:

Microsoft software is also presented as a “safe” choice for IT managers purchasing software systems. In an internal memo for senior management Microsoft’s head of C++ development, Aaron Contorer, stated:[7]

“The Windows API is so broad, so deep, and so functional that most Independent Software Vendors would be crazy not to use it. And it is so deeply embedded in the source code of many Windows apps that there is a huge switching cost to using a different operating system instead… It is this switching cost that has given the customers the patience to stick with Windows through all our mistakes, our buggy drivers, our high TCO (total cost of ownership), our lack of a sexy vision at times, and many other difficulties […] Customers constantly evaluate other desktop platforms, [but] it would be so much work to move over that they hope we just improve Windows rather than force them to move. In short, without this exclusive franchise called the Windows API, we would have been dead a long time ago.

Companies such as Apple and Microsoft are very conscious of the strategic importance of hard binding applications to their propretary API. That’s why Apple pushes cocoa and Microsoft .NET. They don’t want cross platform development environments (oh and don’t tell me that .NET is cross-platform, before doing so, show me a .NET GUI with more than a button in it on a system which isn’t Windows), because it would make possible for users to switch to another system without losing his tools.

However, “the times they are a changin'”. Nowadays, developers are more conscious about this problem and prefer not to bind their application to only one platform. You can notice this if you pay attention to the names of newer applications. Ten years ago there were lots of windows applications which contained the word “win” in them. Winhex, WinDvd, Winzip, WinRar, WinAce, Winamp etc. etc. etc. Have you noticed that this trend has stopped? It’s interesting, right now a struggle between developers and OS producers is taking place. OS producers want to ever more bind (even more than before) developers to their platform. Why do I say more than before? Well, consider that .NET implements its own languages, you can’t simply share real C++ code with the managed one (yes, you can rely on pinvoke, but not for everything). Well, it’s a bit more complicate than that, I know, but unsafe code is not encouraged in the .NET environment. Meanwhile, Apple pushes Obj-C. I want to know how this ends. Speaking for myself, I refuse to take a side and will stick with my beloved C++ (the real one).